Use of existing data to develop new tobacco control strategies

Institution:	University of California, San Diego
Investigator(s):	Elizabeth Gilpin, M.S.
Award Cycle:	2000 (Cycle 9)	Grant #: 9RT-0036	Award: $402,610
Subject Area:	Public Health, Public Policy, and Economics
Award Type:	Research Project Awards

Abstracts

Initial Award Abstract

To improve the outlook for a healthy population, the public health community continues to develop behavioral interventions aimed at encouraging smokers to quit and at discouraging nonsmokers from starting. To focus these efforts, further information concerning the effectiveness of past and existing strategies is need to refine current and develop new more effective interventions. Also, further research into the nature of the processes of smoking uptake and smoking cessation is necessary. Particularly, effective interventions are needed to counteract the influence of tobacco advertising and promotions on adolescent smoking uptake.

We propose to investigate topics related to these issues using large population public-use survey data sets collected both nationally and in California. Much can be learned from secondary analyses of the data from large population surveys that included questions about smoking behavior. While longitudinal data sets provide the most fruitful setting for analyzing influences on smoking behavior, the opportunities for hypothesis generation resulting from the analysis of cross-sectional data are also very important. Although no data collection is proposed for this work, as new data sources become available, they will be carefully examined for material relevant to issues already identified or for material relevant to potential new areas of investigation. Our experienced interdisciplinary team includes psychologists, a health economist, statisticians, epidemiologists and health communications experts.

Topics currently identified for investigation include:

Tobacco control policy evaluation – Examine the impact of clean indoor air policies in the workplace and as applied voluntarily in the home on adult and adolescent smoking behavior, evaluate the effect of California’s January 1, 1999 $0.50/pack excise tax increase and industry price increases on cigarette consumption trends, and smokers’ (both adults’ and adolescents’) tax avoidance behavior and concerns about the price of cigarettes, further examine adolescents’ sources of and access to cigarettes, identify and explore any association between compliance with smokefree school policies and adolescent smoking.

Smoking initiation – Explore role of curiosity in becoming susceptible to smoking, determine how long an adolescent needs to refrain from tobacco use before the probability of future established smoking is very low, explore report of smoking at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime as a population measure of nicotine dependence in youth, relate rapidity of the smoking uptake process to future level of addiction, characterize California adolescents’ use of other tobacco products such as cigars and bidis, determine the effect of tobacco advertising/promotions on transitions from experimentation to established smoking, determine whether the demise of Joe Camel has affected adolescents’ nomination of the brand of their favorite advertisement, relate marketing theory to creation of demand for cigarettes among adolescents.

Smoking cessation – Adapt measure of the incidence of smoking initiation to the setting of smoking cessation and characterize trends in the incidence of smoking cessation in demographic subgroups of the population and according to important tobacco control policy events and dissemination of information on the health effects of smoking, relate availability of nicotine replacement to its use and quitting success, examine use of low tar/nicotine cigarettes as a harm reducing alternative to quitting, characterization of the smoking cessation process in adolescent smokers.

The product of this research and the primary dissemination of the findings will be a number of peer-reviewed articles (goal >6/year) accepted into the major medical and public health journals. It is also anticipated that the important research findings will be presented at a number of scientific meetings.

Publications

Was there significant tax evasion after the 1999 50-cent/pack cigarette tax increase in California.
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, White MM, Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Does tobacco marketing undermine the influence of recommended parenting in discouraging adolescents from smoking?
Periodical: American Journal of Preventative Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, Distefan JM, Jackson C, White MM and Gilpin EA				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

The California tobacco control program and potential harm reduction through reduced digarette consumption in continuing smokers.
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Are pharmaceutical aids helping smokers in the California population quit.
Periodical: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, and Gilpin EA				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Patterns of cigar use in California in 1999
Periodical: American Journal of Preventative Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2001	Vol: 21	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 325-328

Concurrent use of tobacco products by California adolescents.
Periodical: Preventive Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2003	Vol:	Nbr: 3	Abs:	Pg: 575-584

A minimum six-month prolonged abstinence period should be required for evaluation smoking cessation trials.
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, Gilpin EA				ABS
Yr: 2003	Vol: 5	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 151-153

Smoking in movies influences adolescents to start smoking.
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Distefan JM, Pierce JP, Gilpin EA				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

The impact of emotional tone, message, and broadcast parameters in youth anti-smoking advertisements.
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Biener L, Ji M, Gilpin E, Albers A				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Was there significant tax evasion after the 1999 50-cent/pack cigarette tax increase in California.
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, White MM, Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Does tobacco marketing undermine the influence of recommended parenting in discouraging adolescents from smoking?
Periodical: American Journal of Preventative Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, Distefan JM, Jackson C, White MM and Gilpin EA				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

The California tobacco control program and potential harm reduction through reduced digarette consumption in continuing smokers.
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Are pharmaceutical aids helping smokers in the California population quit.
Periodical: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, and Gilpin EA				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Patterns of cigar use in California in 1999
Periodical: American Journal of Preventative Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2001	Vol: 21	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 325-328

Concurrent use of tobacco products by California adolescents.
Periodical: Preventive Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2003	Vol:	Nbr: 3	Abs:	Pg: 575-584

A minimum six-month prolonged abstinence period should be required for evaluation smoking cessation trials.
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, Gilpin EA				ABS
Yr: 2003	Vol: 5	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 151-153

Smoking in movies influences adolescents to start smoking.
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Distefan JM, Pierce JP, Gilpin EA				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

The impact of emotional tone, message, and broadcast parameters in youth anti-smoking advertisements.
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Biener L, Ji M, Gilpin E, Albers A				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: