Cardiovascular Ultrasound Machine for SHS/THS Exposure Core

Institution:	University of California, San Francisco
Investigator(s):	Suzaynn Schick, Ph.D.
Award Cycle:	2012 (Cycle 21)	Grant #: 21ST-0111	Award: $150,000
Subject Area:	Environmental Exposure/Toxicology
Award Type:	Special Projects

Abstracts

Initial Award Abstract

The Secondhand (SHS) and Thirdhand (THS) Cigarette Smoke Human Exposure Core, at the Human Exposure Laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco is a unique and valuable facility that benefits tobacco-related disease researchers throughout California. The purchase of a dedicated cardiovascular ultrasound machine and the support and training of a cardiovascular ultrasound technician for the SHS and THS Human Exposure Core, will significantly increase productivity and throughput allowing us to serve more tobacco-related disease researchers in California. We use the cardiovascular ultrasound machine to measure flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD). FMD is a test of the ability of the main artery that supplies the arm to dilate in response to a surge in blood flow; the measured FMD is a marker of endothelial function. Decreased FMD is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. At this time, we are only able to do 1-2 exposure experiments per month and must schedule time with the cardiovascular ultrasound technicians1-3 months in advance. A dedicated GE Vivid E9 cardiovascular ultrasound machine in our lab, with training and support for a dedicated FMD technician will allow us to double or triple the number of experiments we can do in a year. At this time, the UCSF Human Exposure Laboratory is performing some of the most carefully-controlled, well-characterized clinical research on SHS and THS exposure in the world. Our research has shown that a 30 minute exposure to SHS has health effects that last for over 24 hours and that for each increase in SHS exposure by 100 �g/m3 respirable suspended particles (RSP), the absolute % FMDmax is reduced by 0.67%. FMD is the most sensitive physiological measure we have and has come to function as a positive control for our cardiovascular and pulmonary studies. Our current studies focus on the mechanisms by which SHS exposure decreases FMD. Studying human subjects allows us to avoid the uncertainty inherent in projecting the relevance of vitro and animal research findings to human health outcomes. Our collaborations with tobacco chemists and combustion engineers help us identify target compounds and chemical reactions for further research as SHS and THS biomarkers. Other researchers have shown that nicotine from SHS can deposit on paper surfaces and react to form a tobacco-specific nitrosamine known as NNA. Our data have shown that paper that has been exposed to SHS for longer periods of time does not have NNA, but NNK, a more carcinogenic nitrosamine. Through careful control of exposure conditions, we can also accurately measure exposure and uptake of specific toxins in secondhand and thirdhand smoke by human subjects. These exposure data, in turn, inform in vitro and animal research done by other tobacco-related disease researchers in California. Our focus on the effects of brief, realistic exposures also means that our data have immediate value for tobacco control advocates and policy makers. The purchase of a GE Vivid E9 cardiovascular ultrasound machine will allow us to expand our operations so that we can serve as a core facility for researchers throughout California.

Publications

Thirdhand cigarette smoke in an experimental chamber: evidence of surface deposition_x000D_ of nicotine, nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and de novo formation of NNK
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Schick SF, Farraro KF, Perrino C, Sleiman M, van de Vossenberg G, Trinh MP, Hammond SK, Je				ART
Yr: 2013	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Brief exposure to aged cigarette smoke increases nasal symptoms and unilateral nasal resistance
Periodical: Toxicology and Environmental Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Schick, S.F., Luo, A., van de Vossenberg, G., Jacob, P. III, Balmes, J., Shusterman, D.J.				ART
Yr:	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Brief exposure to secondhand smoke reversibly impairs endothelial vasodilatory function
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pinnamaneni K, Sievers RE, Sharma R, Selchau AM, Gutierrez G, Nordsieck EJ, Su R, An S, Ch				ART
Yr: 2014	Vol: 16	Nbr: 5	Abs:	Pg: 584-90

Nicotelline: a proposed biomarker and environmental tracer for particulate matter derived from tobacco smoke
Periodical: Chemical Research in Toxicology			Index Medicus:
Authors: Jacob P 3rd, Goniewicz ML, Havel CM, Schick SF, Benowitz NL				ART
Yr: 2013	Vol: 26	Nbr: 11	Abs:	Pg: 1615-31

Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells
Periodical: Mutagenesis			Index Medicus:
Authors: Hang, B., A. H. Sarker, Havel, C.M., Schick, S.F., Benowitz, N.L.				ART
Yr: 2013	Vol: 28	Nbr: 4	Abs:	Pg: 381-391

Thirdhand cigarette smoke in an experimental chamber: evidence of surface deposition of nicotine, nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and de novo formation of NNK
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Schick, S. F., K. F. Farraro, et al.				ART
Yr:	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Thirdhand cigarette smoke: factors affecting exposure and remediation
Periodical: PLOS One			Index Medicus:
Authors: Bahl V, Jacob P, Havel C, Schick SF, Talbot P.				ART
Yr: 2014	Vol: 9	Nbr: 10	Abs:	Pg: e108258

A novel minimally-invasive method to sample human endothelial cells for molecular profiling
Periodical: PLOS One			Index Medicus:
Authors: Waldo SW, Brenner DA, McCabe JM, Dela Cruz M, Long B, Narla VA, Park J, Kulkarni A,_x000D_ Sincl				ART
Yr: 2015	Vol: 10	Nbr: 5	Abs:	Pg: e0126062

Thirdhand cigarette smoke in an experimental chamber: evidence of surface deposition_x000D_ of nicotine, nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and de novo formation of NNK
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Schick SF, Farraro KF, Perrino C, Sleiman M, van de Vossenberg G, Trinh MP, Hammond SK, Je				ART
Yr: 2013	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Brief exposure to aged cigarette smoke increases nasal symptoms and unilateral nasal resistance
Periodical: Toxicology and Environmental Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Schick, S.F., Luo, A., van de Vossenberg, G., Jacob, P. III, Balmes, J., Shusterman, D.J.				ART
Yr:	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Brief exposure to secondhand smoke reversibly impairs endothelial vasodilatory function
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pinnamaneni K, Sievers RE, Sharma R, Selchau AM, Gutierrez G, Nordsieck EJ, Su R, An S, Ch				ART
Yr: 2014	Vol: 16	Nbr: 5	Abs:	Pg: 584-90

Nicotelline: a proposed biomarker and environmental tracer for particulate matter derived from tobacco smoke
Periodical: Chemical Research in Toxicology			Index Medicus:
Authors: Jacob P 3rd, Goniewicz ML, Havel CM, Schick SF, Benowitz NL				ART
Yr: 2013	Vol: 26	Nbr: 11	Abs:	Pg: 1615-31

Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells
Periodical: Mutagenesis			Index Medicus:
Authors: Hang, B., A. H. Sarker, Havel, C.M., Schick, S.F., Benowitz, N.L.				ART
Yr: 2013	Vol: 28	Nbr: 4	Abs:	Pg: 381-391

Thirdhand cigarette smoke in an experimental chamber: evidence of surface deposition of nicotine, nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and de novo formation of NNK
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Schick, S. F., K. F. Farraro, et al.				ART
Yr:	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Thirdhand cigarette smoke: factors affecting exposure and remediation
Periodical: PLOS One			Index Medicus:
Authors: Bahl V, Jacob P, Havel C, Schick SF, Talbot P.				ART
Yr: 2014	Vol: 9	Nbr: 10	Abs:	Pg: e108258

A novel minimally-invasive method to sample human endothelial cells for molecular profiling
Periodical: PLOS One			Index Medicus:
Authors: Waldo SW, Brenner DA, McCabe JM, Dela Cruz M, Long B, Narla VA, Park J, Kulkarni A,_x000D_ Sincl				ART
Yr: 2015	Vol: 10	Nbr: 5	Abs:	Pg: e0126062