An economic analysis of factors influencing teen smoking

Institution:	University of California, San Diego
Investigator(s):	Sherry Emery, M.B.A., Ph.D.
Award Cycle:	1998 (Cycle 7)	Grant #: 7KT-0193	Award: $221,497
Subject Area:	Public Health, Public Policy, and Economics
Award Type:	New Investigator Awards

Abstracts

Initial Award Abstract

It is well known that nearly all smokers take up the habit as adolescents. Becoming a smoker is not an abrupt one-time decision, but occurs over time. If teens continue through the experimentation phase and go on to become smokers, nicotine addiction makes quitting extremely difficult. Therefore, the most promising public health strategies for reducing smoking in the population involve interrupting the process of smoking uptake and preventing experimentation with smoking among teens.

The federal and state governments have several policy tools they can use to discourage teen smoking. Among these are increased cigarette excise taxes, limits on cigarette advertising and restrictions on the availability of cigarettes and on public smoking. While there is some evidence that each of these strategies may help to deter teen smoking, their influence and efficacy are not well understood. For example, research has shown that when cigarette prices increase, fewer teens smoke. However, other studies have shown that the price of cigarettes does not influence whether teens smoke. Similarly, several studies have established a link between cigarette advertising and promotions and increased teen smoking, but this relationship remains controversial. Moreover, little work has been done to compare the relative importance of cigarette prices, cigarette advertising and promotions and public policies on teen smoking.

This research project will employ three distinct research methods and several data sets to examine the influences of cigarette prices, tobacco industry advertising and promotional activities and state-level tobacco control policies on teen smoking. Three types of analyses are necessary because the appropriate data do not exist to address these questions directly with a single methodology. In fact, this lack of appropriate data can explain why, after over 15 years of economic analyses, controversy persists about how and whether these factors influence teen smoking.

Publications

Has the California Tobacco Control Program reduced smoking
Periodical: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, Gilpin EA, Emery SL, White MM, Rosbrook B, Berry CC				ART
Yr: 1998	Vol: 280	Nbr: 10	Abs:	Pg: 893-899

How adolescents get their cigarettes: implications for policies on price and access
Periodical: Journal of the National Cancer Institute			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Gilpin EA, White MM, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 1999	Vol: 91	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 184-186

The social costs of tobacco advertising and promotions
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Choi WS, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 1999	Vol: 1	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: S83-S91

Who is a hard core smoker, and how many are there? Implications for further reducing smoking prevalence
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Gilpin EA, Ake C, Farkas AJ, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2000	Vol: 90	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 387-394

Does cigarette price influence adolescent experimentation?
Periodical: Journal of Health Economics			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, White MM, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2001	Vol: 20	Nbr: 2	Abs:	Pg:

Simulated effect of tobacco tax variation on Latino health in California.
Periodical: American Journal of Preventative Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Ake CF, Navarro AM, and Kaplan RM				ART
Yr: 2001	Vol: 21	Nbr: 4	Abs:	Pg: 278-283

Clean indoor air: advances in California, 1990-1999.
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, Emery S., Ake CF, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol: 92	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 785-791

Does tobacco industry marketing of light cigarettes give smokers a rationale for postponing quitting?
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, Emery S, White MM, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Was there significant tax evasion after the 50 cent per pack cigarette tax increase in California?
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, White MM, Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol: 11	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Policy levers for the control of tobacco consumption.
Periodical: Kentucky Law Journal			Index Medicus:
Authors: Chaloupka FJ, Hahn EJ, and Emery S.				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Has the California Tobacco Control Program reduced smoking
Periodical: JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association			Index Medicus:
Authors: Pierce JP, Gilpin EA, Emery SL, White MM, Rosbrook B, Berry CC				ART
Yr: 1998	Vol: 280	Nbr: 10	Abs:	Pg: 893-899

How adolescents get their cigarettes: implications for policies on price and access
Periodical: Journal of the National Cancer Institute			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Gilpin EA, White MM, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 1999	Vol: 91	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 184-186

The social costs of tobacco advertising and promotions
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Choi WS, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 1999	Vol: 1	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: S83-S91

Who is a hard core smoker, and how many are there? Implications for further reducing smoking prevalence
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Gilpin EA, Ake C, Farkas AJ, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2000	Vol: 90	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 387-394

Does cigarette price influence adolescent experimentation?
Periodical: Journal of Health Economics			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, White MM, Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2001	Vol: 20	Nbr: 2	Abs:	Pg:

Simulated effect of tobacco tax variation on Latino health in California.
Periodical: American Journal of Preventative Medicine			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, Ake CF, Navarro AM, and Kaplan RM				ART
Yr: 2001	Vol: 21	Nbr: 4	Abs:	Pg: 278-283

Clean indoor air: advances in California, 1990-1999.
Periodical: American Journal of Public Health			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, Emery S., Ake CF, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol: 92	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: 785-791

Does tobacco industry marketing of light cigarettes give smokers a rationale for postponing quitting?
Periodical: Nicotine and Tobacco Research			Index Medicus:
Authors: Gilpin EA, Emery S, White MM, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Was there significant tax evasion after the 50 cent per pack cigarette tax increase in California?
Periodical: Tobacco Control			Index Medicus:
Authors: Emery S, White MM, Gilpin EA, and Pierce JP				ART
Yr: 2002	Vol: 11	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg:

Policy levers for the control of tobacco consumption.
Periodical: Kentucky Law Journal			Index Medicus:
Authors: Chaloupka FJ, Hahn EJ, and Emery S.				ART
Yr: 0	Vol:	Nbr:	Abs:	Pg: